Quercus Ilex

quercus, ūs ( gen. querci, Pall. 4, 7, 8; gen. plur. quercorum, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 717 P.; dat. and abl. plur. do not occur), f. [perh. from root kar (kal-k), to be hard; cf.: cornu calx, calculus].

An oak, oaktree, esp. the Italian or esculent oak, sacred to Jupiter (cf. robur): quercus dicitur, quod id genus arboris grave sit ac durum, tum etiam in ingentem evadat amplitudinem: querqueram enim gravem et magnam putant dici, Paul. ex Fest. p. 259 Müll.: percellunt magnas quercus, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2 (Ann. v. 194 Vahl.):

magna Jovis quercus,

Verg. G. 3, 332:

glandiferae,

Lucr. 5, 939; Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 2:

aëriae,

Verg. A. 3, 680:

quercus et ilex Multā fruge pecus juvat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 9:

auritae,

id. C. 1, 12, 12:

aridae,

id. ib. 4, 13, 10:

durior annosā quercu,

Ov. M. 13, 799: quercorum rami, Cic. Fragm. ap. Prisc. p. 717 P.—

Poet., transf.

Of things made of oak-wood. Of a ship, of the ship Argo, Val. Fl. 5, 65.— Of a javelin, Val. Fl. 6, 243.— Of a drinkingvessel, Sil. 7, 190.—

Capitolina,

a garland of oak-leaves, Juv. 6, 386;

usually bestowed upon one who had saved the life of a citizen in battle,

Ov. F. 4, 953; id. M. 1, 563; Luc. 1, 357:

civilis,

Verg. A. 6, 772. —

For acorns (very rare):

veteris fastidia quercūs,

Juv. 14, 184.

* * *

1. oak (-tree) (Quercus)

корков дъб cork-tree, cork oak (Quercus suber)

зелен дъб evergreen oak, holm-oak, holy-oak (Quercus ilex)

2. (дървесината) oak

тъмен/опушен дъб fumed oak

* * *

дъб,

м., -ове, (два) дъ̀ба 1. бот. oak(-tree) ( Quercus); зелен \дъб evergreen oak, holm oak, holy oak ( Quercus ilex); корков \дъб cork-tree, cork oak ( Quercus suber);

2. ( дървесината) oak; тъмен/опушен \дъб fumed oak.

* * *

oak: fumed дъб - опушен дъб

* * *

1) Naval: live oak

2) Botanical term: zen oak

3) Agriculture: holm (Quercus ilex)

4) Forestry: holm oak (Quercus ilex L.)

1. holly oak [Quercus ilex]

2. holm oak [Quercus ilex]

rōbur ( rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. [cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. rhônnumi for rhôthnumi, to strengthen, rhômê], a very hard kind of oak (cf.:

quercus, ilex),

Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,

Lit.

In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood:

morsus roboris,

i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat);

so of the same,

id. G. 2, 305; cf.:

solido de robore myrtus,

id. ib. 2, 64:

annoso validam robore quercum,

i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so,

annoso robore quercus,

Ov. M. 8, 743:

antiquo robore quercus,

with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332:

Massyla, i. e. citri,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also,

Maurorum,

id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—

Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.:

fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,

i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92:

agitata robora pulsant (delphines),

id. ib. 1, 303.—

Oak-wood, oak:

naves totae factae ex robore,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.:

(sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.:

illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

o saxis nimirum et robore nati!

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Transf.

Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.

In gen.:

Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,

i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy:

sacrum,

Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance:

ferro praefixum,

id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.:

aratri,

i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—

In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum):

Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,

Liv. 38, 59 fin.:

robur et saxum minitari,

Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

verbera, carnifices, robur,

Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—

Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).

Lit.:

duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

ferri,

Verg. A. 7, 609:

saxi,

Lucr. 1, 882:

navium,

Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, [p. 1598] Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.:

qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,

id. Cael. 30, 73:

solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21:

si quod est robur,

Flor. 2, 1, 1.—

Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.):

alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis,

Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16:

in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so,

animi (with magnitudo),

id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95:

robur incredibile animi,

id. Mil. 37, 101:

quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 3:

multo plus firmamenti ac roboris,

id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt?

id. Planc. 8, 21:

pectus robore fultum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

te mea robora fallunt,

id. H. 16, 367:

velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti,

Liv. 24, 26, 11:

verba quanti roboris plena,

Sen. Ep 10, 3:

qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint,

Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.:

robur oratorium adicere sententiis,

id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. §

3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

O saxis nimirum et robore nati,

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—

Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.):

versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.:

quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,

Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.:

senatūs robur,

Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.:

tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,

Cic. Clu. 56, 163:

haec sunt nostra robora,

id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.:

robora pubis,

Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510:

ingentia robora virorum,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

conferta robora virorum,

Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold:

quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,

Tac. H. 2, 19.— Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat:

quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,

Col. 2, 6, 1.

rōbur ( rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an older form rōbus, Cato, R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. [cf. Sanscr. radh-as, abundance; Gr. rhônnumi for rhôthnumi, to strengthen, rhômê], a very hard kind of oak (cf.:

quercus, ilex),

Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,

Lit.

In gen., a very hard kind of tree or wood:

morsus roboris,

i. e. of the wild olive, Verg. A. 12, 783 (a little before: foliis oleaster amaris Hic steterat);

so of the same,

id. G. 2, 305; cf.:

solido de robore myrtus,

id. ib. 2, 64:

annoso validam robore quercum,

i. e. of an old and sturdy trunk, id. A. 4, 441; so,

annoso robore quercus,

Ov. M. 8, 743:

antiquo robore quercus,

with ancient trunk, Verg. G. 3, 332:

Massyla, i. e. citri,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also,

Maurorum,

id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—

Absol., usu., an oak-tree, an oak in gen.:

fixa est pariter cum robore cervix,

i. e. was pinned fast to the oak, Ov. M. 3, 92:

agitata robora pulsant (delphines),

id. ib. 1, 303.—

Oak-wood, oak:

naves totae factae ex robore,

Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.:

(sapiens) non est e saxo sculptus aut e robore dolatus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and with this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.:

illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

o saxis nimirum et robore nati!

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Transf.

Of things made of oak or of any other hard wood.

In gen.:

Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt,

i. e. on oaken, hard benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the wooden horse before Troy:

sacrum,

Verg. A. 2, 230; of a lance:

ferro praefixum,

id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a club, Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.:

aratri,

i. e. the oaken plough, Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—

In partic., the lower and stronger part of the prison at Rome, built by Servius Tullius, was called Robur (also Tullianum):

Robus in carcere dicitur is locus, quo praecipitatur maleficorum genus, quod ante arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret,

Liv. 38, 59 fin.:

robur et saxum minitari,

Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1:

verbera, carnifices, robur,

Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. carcer and Tullianum).—

Hardness, strength, firmness, vigor, power (cf. vires; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).

Lit.:

duri robora ferri,

Lucr. 2, 449; so,

ferri,

Verg. A. 7, 609:

saxi,

Lucr. 1, 882:

navium,

Liv. 37, 30: omnia pariter crescunt et robora sumunt, gain strength, [p. 1598] Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.:

qui si jam satis aetatis atque roboris haberet, ipse pro Sex. Roscio diceret,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149:

paululum jam roboris accessit aetati,

id. Cael. 30, 73:

solidaeque suo stant robore vires,

Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21:

si quod est robur,

Flor. 2, 1, 1.—

Trop., power, strength, force, vigor (very freq.):

alter virtutis robore firmior quam aetatis,

Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16:

in animi excelsi atque invicti magnitudine ac robore,

id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so,

animi (with magnitudo),

id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95:

robur incredibile animi,

id. Mil. 37, 101:

quantum in cujusque animo roboris est ac nervorum,

id. Fam. 6, 1, 3:

multo plus firmamenti ac roboris,

id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so (with firmamentum) id. Mur. 28, 58; (with firmitas) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12:

hi tot equites Romani quid roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt?

id. Planc. 8, 21:

pectus robore fultum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

te mea robora fallunt,

id. H. 16, 367:

velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti,

Liv. 24, 26, 11:

verba quanti roboris plena,

Sen. Ep 10, 3:

qui robur aliquod in stilo fecerint,

Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.:

robur oratorium adicere sententiis,

id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. §

3: illi robur et aes triplex Circa pectus erat,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.:

O saxis nimirum et robore nati,

Stat. Th. 4, 340. —

Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—

Concr., the strongest, most effective, or best part, the pith, kernel, strength of any thing; of soldiers, the flower of the troops, choice troops, etc. (freq. and class.):

versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore,

Cic. Or. 10, 34: et robur et suboles militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.:

quod fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87:

quod roboris ea provincia habuerat,

Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.:

senatūs robur,

Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.:

tunc C. Flavius Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. Maecenas, illa robora populi Romani,

Cic. Clu. 56, 163:

haec sunt nostra robora,

id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.:

robora pubis,

Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510:

ingentia robora virorum,

Plin. Pan. 34, 3:

conferta robora virorum,

Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a place, a stronghold:

quod coloniam virium et opum validam robur ac sedem bello legisset,

Tac. H. 2, 19.— Absol.: robus, the name of an excellent kind of wheat:

quoniam et pondere et nitore praestat,

Col. 2, 6, 1.

m (pl -cci) holm oak

* * *

leccio s.m. (bot.) (Quercus ilex) ilex*, holm-oak.

* * *

pl. -ci ['lettʃo, tʃi] sostantivo maschile holm oak

* * *

leccio

pl. -ci /'lett∫o, t∫i/

sostantivo m.

holm oak.

elce s.m. (bot.) ( Quercus ilex) ilex*, holm-oak.

δρῦς, ἡ (Pelop. ὁ, acc. to Sch.Ar.Nu. 401, cf. IG9(1).485.5 ([place name] Thyrrheum), but fem. in Arc., Schwyzer 664.23): gen. δρυός: acc. δρῦν (

A

δρύα Q.S.3.280

): nom. pl.

δρύες Il.12.132

, A.Pr. 832, etc.,

δρῦς Thphr.CP2.9.2

, Paus.8.12.1: acc. pl.

δρῦς Ar.Eq. 528

, Nu. 402,

δρύας S.Fr. 403

, Call.Del.84, AP7.8 (Antip. Sid.): gen.

δρυῶν Hdt.7.218

: dual δρύε Hdn.Gr.1.420. [ῠ, exc. in δρῦς, δρῦν: gen. δρῡός at the beginning of a verse, Hes.Op. 436]:—originally, tree (δρῦν ἐκάλουν οἱ παλαιοὶ.. πᾶν δένδρον Sch.Il.11.86, cf. Hsch.); including various trees, Thphr.HP3.8.2; esp. Quercus Aegilops ([etym.] φηγός ) and Quercus Ilex ([etym.] πρῖνος), cf.

ἡ φηγὸς καὶ ἡ πρῖνος εἴδη δρυός Dsc.1.106

; opp. πεύκη, Il.11.494; opp. πίτυς, Od.9.186, cf. Il.13.389, 23.328, etc.; στέφανος δρυός crown of oak leaves, SIG2588.7 (Delos, ii B. C.); commonly, the oak, δ. ὑψικάρηνοι, ὑψίκομοι, Il.12.132, 14.398, cf. 13.389, 23.328, etc.; sacred to Zeus, who gave his oracles from the oaks of Dodona, Od.14.328;

αἱ προσήγοροι δρύες A.Pr. 832

;

πολύγλωσσος δ. S.Tr. 1168

, cf. Pl.Phdr. 275b: prov., οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ δρυός ἐσσι.. οὐδ' ἀπὸ πέτρης thou art no foundling from the woods or rocks, i. e. thou hast parents and a country, Od.19.163, cf. Pl.Ap. 34d, R. 544d, AP10.55 (Pall.); but οὐ μέν πως νῦν ἔστιν ἀπὸ δρυὸς οὐδ' ἀπὸ πέτρης.. ὀαρίζειν 'tis no time now to talk at ease from tree or rock, like lovers, Il.22.126; ἀλλὰ τί ἦ μοι ταῦτα περὶ δρῦν ἢ περὶ πέτρην; why all this about trees and rocks (i. e. things we have nothing to do with)? Hes.Th.35; also διὰ πέτρας καὶ διὰ δρυὸς ὁρᾶν 'to see through a brick wall', Plu.2.1083d.

II of other trees bearing acorns or mast (Paus.8.1.6), πίειρα δρῦς the resinous wood (of the pine), S.Tr. 766; of the olive, E.Cyc. 615 (lyr.); δ. θαλασσία, = ἁλίφλοιος, Ps.-Democr.Symp.Ant.p.5G.

III δ. ποντία, gulf-weed, Sargassum vulgare, Thphr.HP4.6.9.

IV metaph., worn-out old man, AP6.254 (Myrin.), Artem.2.25. (Cogn. with δόρυ; cf. Skt. dru- 'wood', in compds.)

πρῖνος, ἡ, Arat.1047. Dsc.1.106.2 (also ὁ, Amphis 38; both ὁ and ἡ in Thphr., cf. HP3.16.1,3.6.4):—

A holm-oak, Quercus Ilex, Hes.Op. 436, Ar.Ra. 859, Theoc.5.95, Call.Iamb.1.261.

2 kermes-oak, Quercus coccifera, Eup.14, Amphis l.c.; ἡ π. τὸν φοινικοῦν κόκκον [φέρει] Thphr.HP3.7.3, cf. Sign.45;

πρίνοιο.. ἄκανθαι Arat.1122

. (Heterocl. gen. πρινός is f.l. in Simon.54.)

iz. Landr. [from * aurte] holm oak (Quercus ilex)

iz.

a. art; \artea \arteagatik art for art' s sake; \arte abstraktu abstract art; \arte moderno modern arte

b. (Akad.) [ izen plurala b.b. ] art; \arte ederrak fine arts; \arte liberalak liberal arts

c. [ izenen aurrean ] art-, of art

2. ( antze) art; sukaldeko \arte art of cooking

iz.

1. ( denbora tartea) time, moment, span of time, time slot; jateko \arterik ez dut I don' t have a {moment || time slot} to eat; lotarako \arterik ez du hartu he hasn' t taken the time to get some sleep; \arte hartan meanwhile | in the mean time

2. ( bideko tartea) stretch, span

3. ( tranpa) trap; \artean erori to fall into a trap

a. ( aldea) difference, contrast

b. ( luze-laburra) distance; handik honera \arte ederra dago it' s a long way from there to here

5. (NG) (G) ( patxada) composure, aplomb, cool, patience; \arte handiko gizona a man of great {patience || forebearance}

6. ( partaidetza) participation; horretan ez nuen \arterik izan I didn' t have any {hand || part} in that post.

1. ( "noiz" erako adizlagunak) until, till; bihar \arte until tomorrow

2. ( orduekin) until, till; bostak \arte until five o' clock; hiru t' erdiak \arte until half past three; hamabiak \arte zain egon to wait until twelve o' clock; bederatzietatik bostak \arte from nine to five

a. ( aditzera bukatuekin) until; ez da geldituko guztiok hondatu \arte he won' t stop until he' s ruined us; hemen geldituko gara dena bukatu \arte we' ll stay here until {we' ve finished everything || we' re done with everything}; hemen gelditu behar zara dena bukatu \arte ; you must stay here until {you' ve finished everything || you' re done with everything}; dena egin \arte ez inor inora joango until everything' s done nobody' s going anywhere

b. ( aditz laguntzaileekin, aditz trinkoekin) until; geldi zaitezte irakasleak bukatzen duen \arte stay here until the teacher has finished; hemen zain egongo gara etor dadin \arte we' ll be waiting here until she comes; datorren \arte until (s)he comes

παιδέρως, ωτος, ὁ,

A = παιδεραστής, Telecl.49.

II holm-oak, Quercus Ilex, Paus.2.10.6 (in pl.

παιδὸς ἔρωτες Nic.Fr.74.55

).

b = ἄκανθος, Dsc.3.17 (but = ἄκανθα, 4.73).

c chervil, Anthriscus cerefolium, Plin.HN19.170.

2 a kind of opal, ib.37.84, cf. Orph.L. 282.

3 rouge, Alex.98.18, Duris 10 J., Alciphr.1.33, 3.11, etc.

b a vegetable dye of purple hue, PHolm.23.5, al.:—also [full] παιδερώτινον, τό, PLeid.X.96.

σμῖλαξ, older [dialect] Att. [full] μῖλαξ, ᾰκος, ἡ (but

A

τοῦ μίλακος Thphr.HP1.10.5

):—in Arcadia, holm-oak, Quercus Ilex, ib.3.16.2; milax, Plin.HN 16.19.

II = σμῖλος, μῖλος, yew, Taxus baccata, Pl.R. 372b, Dsc.4.79, Plu.2.647f; milax, Plin.HN16.51.

III σμ. κηπαία, kidneybean, Phaseolus vulgaris, Dsc.2.146.

IV bindweed, μῖλαξ in Thphr.HP1.10.6, Plin.HN24.83,

σμῖλαξ Thphr.HP3.18.11

, 7.8.1; μ. τραχεῖα rough bindweed, Smilax aspera, Dsc.4.142; σμ. τραχεῖα Ps.-Dsc.4.142; μ. λεία great bindweed, Convolvulus sepium, Dsc.4.143; σμ. λεία Ps.-Dsc.4.143.—The σμῖλαξ or μῖλαξ of Trag. and Com. is prob. Smilax aspera (No. IV), cf. E.Ba. 108 (lyr.), 703, Ar.Nu. 1007;

σμ. ἡ πολύφυλλος Eup.14.3

, cf. Ar.Av. 216 (anap.).

φελλόδρῡς, ῠος, ἡ,

A holm-oak, Quercus Ilex var. agrifolia, Thphr. HP1.9.3, 3.3.3, 3.16.3.

ἄκῠλος, ὁ (ἡ, Theoc.5.94), the

A acorn of Quercus Ilex, given to swine with βάλανος, Od.10.242, Pherecr. 186, Arist.HA 595a29, cf. Amphis 38, Thphr.HP3.16.3 :—used in games, Poll.9.103.

II ornament or jewel in form of acorn, IG2.767b11:—neut., ἄκυλον, τό, Ἐφ. Ἀρχ.1895.70.

Grammatical information: m. and f.

Meaning: ` the edible acorn of Quercus Ilex' (κ 242).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Connections with Skt. aśnā́ti `eat' or ἄκολος are improbable. Rather a substr. word (Fur. 255 n. 32, because of ἀκυλαῖον; - υλ- is a frequent Pre-Greek suffix).

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Grammatical information: f. (m.)

Meaning: `holm-oak, kermes-oak, Quercus ilex, coccifera' (Hes.).

Other forms: πρίνη f. `id.' (Eup.).

Derivatives: πριν-ίδιον n. dimin. (Ar., Ael.), - εύς m. `oak grove' (Erythrae IV<sup>a</sup>), - ινος `made of π., hard, tough' (Hes.), - ώδης 'π.-like, hard' (Ar.); Πρινόεσσα f. name of an island (Epeiros).

Origin: Eur. substr ?

Etymology: Unexplained. For Anatol. origin speaks the Carin PlN Πρινασσός (Carnoy Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 10, 222). "Pelasgian" etymology by Carnoy REGr. 69, 284 (to be rejected). After Machek Ling. Posn. 2, 155 to Slav. brinъ `larch' as loan from a connon source. Earlier, also unconvincing attempts by Bq; cf. also WP. 1, 524 and W.-Hofmann s. cerrus and cornus (w. lit.). -- Furnée 165 assumes a Pre-Roman(ce) * brin `Pinus mugus' (Machek), so a Eur. loan.

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